MANITIGUE

FAUNA

Wild animals are dependent on their natural habitat which serve as excellent monitors of the natural environment and indictor of the area’s productivity (PASA BPLS. 1997). Table 2 is the list of important faunal component found in Mantigue Island.

List of important terrestrial fauna in Mantigue Island.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Importance	Biological Status
Field Rat	Rattus spp.	Ecological value	Common
House mouse	Mus musculus	Ecological value	Common
Gecko Lizard	Gecko gecko	Pest control	Rare, threatened
Red Ant		Ecological value	Common
Black Ant		Ecological value	Common
Termites		Ecological value	Rare
Grasshopper		Ecological value	Rare
Firefly		Ecological value	Rare
Millepede		Ecological value	Rare
Dragonfly		Ecological value	Rare
Centipede		Ecological value	Rare

MARINE-BASED RESOURCES

Being in an island setting, marine resources are abundant in the area. Marine resources are the living and non-living things found in the diverse ecosystems of the marine environment (Ferrer, 1994). These ecosystems are not bounded within the territorial or geographical division of local government unit. Therefore, its coverage may include the municipal waters of a coastal barangay extending toward the deep sea where fishers virtually have free access to the resources therein. These resources comprised of various life forms and nutrients, help maintain the ecosystem itself and others associated with it: provide physical protection to the coastal environment and benefit people directly.

Reef Structure

The island is characterized by extensive sandy corralling tidal flat totally exposed during low tide and dominated by the seagrasses Thalassia and Cymodocea. A sandbar lies approximately fifty meters east which is exposed during low tide. The reef crest is irregularly shaped extending some 500 meters from the shoreline particularly in the eastern side and drops off at 50-60 degrees at the slope of 20 meters deep. The northern portion of the area slopes at 90degrees and is characterized by high coral cover.

Fauna

The vulnerable marine animals dependent upon coastal environments are seabirds, shorebirds, turtles, fishes, corals and invertebrates. Table 3 shows the list of avifaunal species in Mantigue Island. The most common avifaunal species is the white collared kingfisher (Halcyon chloris).

Avifaunal component in Mantigue Island.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family Name	Importance	Ecological Status
White-collared Kingfisher	Halcyon chloris	Alcedidae	Ecological value	Common
Yellow-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus golavier	Pycnonotidae	Ecological value	Common
Egret	Egretta sp.	Ardeidae	Ecological value	Common
Malaysian Fantail	Phipidura javanica	Estrildidae	Ecological value	Rare
Glossy Swiftlet	Collocalia esculenta	Apodidae	Ecological value	Uncommon
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa sp.	Scolopacidae	Ecological value	Migrant
Shack shrike	Lanius shack	Laniidae	Ecological value	Migrant
Common Sandpiper	Truga hypoleucos	Scolopacidae	Ecological value	Migrant
Blue rock thrush	Monticola solitarius	Turdidae	Ecological value	Migrant
Philippine Bulbul	Hypsifetes philippines	Pycnonotidae	Ecological value	Endemic

Invertebrates of Mantigue Island.

Common Name	Scientific Name
Spider shell	Lambis scorpius
Map cowry	Cypraea mappa
Tiger cowry	Cypraea tigris
Egg cowry	Ovula ovum
Helmet shell	Cassis cornuta
Bonnet shell	Casmaria erinaceus
Trumpet triton	Charonia tritonis
Murex shell	Chicoreus ramosus
Olive shell	Oliva reticulate
Bat volute	Cymbiola vespertilia
Cone shell	Conus aulicus
Auger shell	Terebra maculate
Clam	Codackia tigerina
Hammer oyster	Malleus maleus

Echinoderms of Mantigue Island.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Others
Crown-of-thorns	Acanthaster plancii	Polychaetes
Sea Urchin	Diadema saviguyi	Tubeworms
Sea cucumber	Bohadachia graeffel	Anemones
Synated Holothurian	Enapta godeffroye	Tunicates
Blue starfish	Linckia laevigata	Serpulids
Crinoid	Comanthina schegelii	Hydrozoans

Corals

Based on Manta Tows which covered the entire reef, only one of the eighteen tows made recorded 31-50% live coral cover indicating a highly disturbed area. Massive corals of the genus Porites are dominant in the area and the blue coral Heliopora sp. Is quite a rare coral species. Table 6 shows the coral genus and average live coral cover of 2 transects laid at 5 meters depth located in a longitude of 9 15’68” N and latitude of 124 42’16” E. The data is based on the result by CITES, 1996.

Average live coral cover at 5 m depth
in Mantigue Island

Coral	Average	Relative Cover (%)
Acropora
Submassive	1.30	5.46
Non-Acropora
Branching
Porites	1.28	5.38
Massive
Favia	0.46	1.93
Astreopora	0.50	2.09
Leptoseris	0.99	4.16
Goniastrea	0.66	2.77
Goniopora	0.34	1.43
Favites	0.10	0.42
Porites	9.78	41.08
Submassive
Porites	1.12	4.70
Turbinaria	0.15	0.63
Montipora	0.33	1.39
Pocillopora	1.25	5.25
Millepora	4.65	19.5
Hellopora	0.90	33.78
T O T A L	23.81	100.00

Source: CITES, 1996

Coral Reef Fish

The biomass estimates of coral reef fishes in Mantigue Island has a total of 26.53 g/m2. These are composed of target, demersal and indicator fishes. Fishes in Mantigue Island is shown in Table 7. The data is based on Boborol, 1997 (pers. comm.).

Fishes in Mantigue Island.

Target Fishes Family
Caesionidae	Pterocaesic pisang
Holocentridae	Adioryx spinifer
Acanthuridae	Acanthurus sp.
	Acanthurus bleekeri
Scaridae	Scarus frenatus
	Scarus sordidus
	Scarus sp. 1
Tetraoontidae	Canthigaster valentine
Demersal Fishes Family
Serranidae	Luzonicthys waitei
	Pseudoanthias huchtii
	Pseudoanthias cyanostigma
	Epinephelus fario
	E. fasciatus
	E. merra
	Epinephelus sp.
Cirrhitidae	Cirrhitichthys falco
Apogonidae	Apogon compressus
	Apogon exostigma
	A. bandanensis
	A. aureus
	A. cyanosoma
	A. multilineatus
	Cheilodipterus macrodon
	C. quinquelineata
Labridae	Anampses caeruleopunctatus
	A. meleagridis
	A. twisti
	Cheilinus celebecus
	C. fasciatus
	C. orientalis
	C. trilobatus
	C. unifasciatus
	Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura
	Choerodon anchorago
	Coris aygula
	C. gaimard
	Halichoeres trimaculatus
	Hemigymus melapterus
	Labrichthys unileneatus
	Pseudocheilinus octotaenia
	Labroides dimidiatus
	Stethojulis bandanensis
	Thalassoma lutescens
	Thalassoma lunare
	T. hardwickii
Nemipteridae	Nemipterus peroni
	Scolopsis lineatus
	Seolosis bilineatus
	S. cancellatus
	S. margaritifer
Pinguepididae	Parapercis clathrata
	P. millipunctata
Indicator Fishes Family
Chaetodontidae	Chaetodon baronnessa
	C. kleinii
	C. melannotus
	Chaetodon sp.
	C. falcula
	C. lanula
	Chelmon rostratus
Pomacanthidae	Centropyge tibicen
	Centropyge vrolikii
	Pomacanthus imperator
Pomacentridae	Abudefduf sexfasciatus
	A. vaigiensis
	Abudefduf sp.
	Amblyglyphidodon curacao
	Amphiprion percula
	A. melapus
	A. tricintus
	Chromis margaritifer
	Chromis ternatensis
	Dascyllus aruanus
	D. trimaculatus
	Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus
	Pomacentrus amboinensis
	P. brachialis
	P. coelestis
	P. molluccensis
	Pomacentru sp.
	P. burroughi

Source: Boborol, 1997pers. comm..

The ten top fish species in Mantigue Island is shown in Table 8 with its corresponding relative abundance with Pomacentrus molluccensis has the highest relative abundance of 15.9517% and the lowest relative abundance of 3.0816% is Thalassoma lunare. List of marine turtle found nesting in the area is shown in Table 9.

Top ten fish species in Mantigue Island.

Species	Relative Abundance (%)
1. Pomacentrus moluccensis	15.9517
2. Chromis termatensis	14.6828
3. Pomacentrus coelestis	12.2054
4. Luzonichthys waitei	5.8610
5. Abudefduf vaigensis	5.6193
6. Pseudanthiae huchtii	5.6798
7. Pomacentrus brachialis	5.6193
8. Abudefduf sexfasciatus	4.9547
9. Pomacentrus sp.	3.1420
10.Thalassoma lunare	3.0816

Source: CITES, 1996

Marine turtles of Mantigue Island

Marine Turtles	Scientific Name
Green sea turtle	Chelonia mydae
Hawksbill turtle	Eretmochelys imbricate
Loggerhead turtle	Caretta caretta